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¿ï¾Ü©Ê¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅé½Õ¸`¾¯(SARMs)
½Í¨ì¦ó¿×SARMs (Selective androgen receptor modulators) (¿ï¾Ü©Ê¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅé½Õ¸`¾¯) ¥H¤Î¥L­Ìªº§@¥Î¾÷¨î¡A§Ú­Ì´N¥²¶·¥ý¤F¸ÑAndrogen receptor (¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅé) ªºµ²ºc¡A¤HÃþ¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅ鬰110 kD³J¥Õ½è©Ò²Õ¦¨¡AùØ­±¦@¦³919ºØ®ò°ò»Ä¡A¦Ó¥¦ªºµ²ºc¬O¥i¥H¤À¦¨¥H¤U´XºØ¡G

  • an N-terminal domain (NTD, A/B region)
  • a DNA-binding domain (DBD, C region)
  • a hinge region (D region)
  • a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD, E/F-region)

¸A©Tହï©óºû«ù¤HÅé³\¦h¾¹©x¥¿±`¹B§@§êºt­«­n¨¤¦â¡A¦¨¤H¨k©ÊÅ餺¥¿±`¿@«×¦b300¡ã1,100ng/dl¡C¸A©Tଦ夤¿@«×¦b30·³¹F¨ì°ª®p¡A¥H«á¥H¨C¦~1¡ã2%ªº³t²vºCºC­°§C¡C·í¸A©Tଭ°¨ì¥¿±`­È¥H¤U¡A±q¥Í²z¥\¯à¥]¬A»{ª¾¥\¯à¡B¹B°Ê¡B³y¦å¡B°©Àf¡B¦Ù¦×¡B·s³¯¥NÁ ; ±¡ºü¬¡¤Oµ¥¤ß²zªí²{ ; ¥H¤Î©Ê¥\¯à­±¦Vªº©Ê¼¤¤Î«k°_¾÷¯àµ¥³£¥i¯à¨ü¨ì¼vÅT¡C

¥Ø«eÂå¬É¹ï¦¨¤H±ßµo©Ê¸A©TଧC¤U¯g¡A¯S§O¬O¸A©T଩â¦å¼Æ­È§C¤U¤S¦³Á{§É¯gª¬ªº«Øij¬O¡GÂǥѥͬ¡«¬ºAªº§ïÅܨӧﵽ¸A©TଧC¤U©Ò¬ÛÃö¯gª¬ªº§xÂZ¡A¨ÃÂǥѸA©T଻s¾¯ªº¸É¥RÀøªk´£¤ÉÅ餺¸A©Tି@«×¨Óºû«ù¨ä¥¿±`¥Í²z§@¥Î¡C¦ý¨Ã¤£¬O¨C¦ì±wªÌ³£Ä@·N©Î¾A¦X±µ¨ü¼Ð·Çªº¸A©TସɥRÀøªk¡A¦³¨Ç±wªÌ¦]¥Í¨|ªº¦Ò¶q¨Ã¤£¾A¦X±µ¨ü¥~·½©Êªº¸A©T଻s¾¯¡A³¡¤À±wªÌ¦]¹ï¸A©TସɥRÀøªk¦³­Ó¤HªººÃ¼{©Î¸T§Ò¦Ó©Úµ´¡C±wªÌ±`°Ý¬O§_¯à±q­¹ª«¤W¹F¨ì´£¤É¸A©Tପº®ÄªG¡A¦ý¥Ø«e¬ì¾Ç¤W¨ÃµL¥ô¦óªºÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü­¹Àø¥i¦³®Äªº¼W¥[¸A©Tି@«×¡C©Ò¥H³¡¤À¯f¤H¥i¯à»PÂå®v°Q½×«á¨M©w±µ¨ü¥tÃþÀøªk¡A¤]¦³¬Û·í¤ñ¨Òªº¯f¤H¬O¦Û¦æ´M¨Dºô¸ô¸ê°T©Î¿Ë¤Í«Øij¨Ó¿ï¾Ü¥tÃþÀøªk¡C

µM¦Ó³o¨Ç¥tÃþÀøªk¬O§_¯à¯uªº¹F¨ì´£¤É¸A©Tପº¿@«×©Î§ïµ½¸A©TଧC¤U¯gªº¯gª¬©O¡H¥»´ÁÁܽФF¤T¦ì±M®a´N³oijÃD´£¥X±M¤å±´°Q¡G·s¥_¥«¥ß¤g«°Âå°|ªº§õ«Â©÷Âå®v´NÂå¬É±`¥ÎªºAromatase inhibitor»PSelective estrogen receptor modulators°µ¤F§¹¾ãªº¦^ÅU¡C»ñ¤s§õ¹Å¤åªc§¿¬ì¶E©Òªº§õ¹Å¤åÂå®v±´°QDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)¡A¬O§_»P¸A©Tଦ³¤@¼ËªºÀø®Ä¡A¦w¥þ¤Î¸T§Ò¡C³Ì«á¥Ñ¨È¤jªþ³]Âå°|ªºªôÂE³ÇÂå®v¤¶²Ð±`³Q°·¨­¬É¸¹ºÙ¶ÂÅ]ªkªº¿ï¾Ü©Ê¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅé½Õ¸`¾¯ (SARMs)¡A¨ä¦w¥þ¤ÎÀø®Äªº²{¶¥¬qÃҾڤΥ¼¨ÓÀ³¥Îªº®i±æ¡CÁöµM³o¨Ç¥tÃþÀøªkªºÀø®ÄÁÙ¤£¬O¬Û·í©ú½T¡A³¡¤À¿ï¶µªº¦w¥þÃÒ¾Ú¤]¤£¨¬¡A¦ý³z¹L¥H¤W¤T½g±M¤åªº¤¶²Ð¡A¬Û«H¥i¥HÂX®i¤j®a¹ïªvÀø¸A©TଧC¤U¯gªºª¾ÃÑ»â°ì¡C

¶Ç²Îªº¸A©Tଠ(testosterone) ©Î¬O¤G²B¸A©Tà¬(DHT)·|»PLBDºÝ (AF-2)µ²¦X¨Ã¥BÃö³¬AF-1ºÝ¡A¨Ï±oN/CºÝ¯à°÷¹F¨ì§¹¾ãªº§@¥Î (full-range coactivator) ¡A¦ý¬O­Y¬OSARMs (¿ï¾Ü©Ê¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅé½Õ¸`¾¯) »PLBDºÝ (AF-2) µ²¦X®É¨Ã¤£·|Ãö³¬AF-1ºÝ¡A¦Ó¨Ï±oN/CºÝ§e²{¤£§¹¾ãªº¤¬°Ê§@¥Î(incomplete N/C interaction)¡A¦Ó³o¼Ëªºªº¤£§¹¾ã§@¥Î¡A¨Ï±oSARMsªº®ÄªG±q100%ªº¶¯©Ê¯À§@¥Î¤ÏÀ³¨ì-100%ªº¶¯©Ê¯À§@¥Î¤ÏÀ³³£¬O¦³¥i¯àµo¥Íªº (from full agonist to maximal antagonist )¡A¤]¦]¬°³o¼Ëªº¤ÏÀ³¡A¥Ø«e¹ï©ó¤Uµø¥C-¸£««Åé-©Ê¸¢¶b (HPG Axis) ªº¼vÅT¤]¤£¬O«D±`²M·¡¡C

Steven B Machek et al. Steroids.. 2020 Dec;164:108753

¹B°Ê¬É¶}©l¨Ï¥Î²üº¸»X¶i¦Ó§ïµ½¹B°Êªí²{ªº°O¸ü©l¦Û©ó1950¦~¥Nªº¶øªL¤Ç§J¡A·íµM«á¨Ó²üº¸»Xªº¸É¥R¤]³Q¦C¬°¸T¤îªº¦æ¬°¡AµM¦ÓSARMs(¿ï¾Ü©Ê¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅé½Õ¸`¾¯)¦b³\¦hÁ{§É¸ÕÅç«e´Á (pre-clinical)Á{§É¸ÕÅç (clinical trial)¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¦³§ïµ½©Ê¸¢§C¤U (hypogonadism)¡B¦Ù¦×¬y¥¢ (muscle wasting)¥H¤Î°©½è¶pÃP (osteoporosis) ªº®ÄªG¡A¤]¦]¬°·|¨Ï±o¹B°ÊÄvÁÉÅܱo¤£¤½¥­¡A³\¦h¹B°Ê©e­û·|¥H¤ÎÃĪ«´ú¸Õ¾÷ºc§¡±N¨ä¦C¬°¸TÃÄ¡A¥Ø«e¦b¥xÆW¨Ã¨S¦³¥¿³WªºÃĪ«¨ú±oºÞ¹D(¦ý¬O¦a¤U¥«³õ¬Û¹ï¬¡ÅD)¡A³\¦h°·¨­·R¦nªÌ¥H¤Î®T¼Ö©Êªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ·|±qºô¸ô¥H¨ä¥LºÞ¹DÀò±o¦¹ÃþÃÄ«~¡A¨Ã¥B¨Ï¥Î¾¯¶q¬OÁ{§É¸ÕÅ綥¬qªº¼Æ­¿¬Æ¦Ü¼Æ¤Q­¿¥H¤Wªº¾¯¶q¡I

±`¨£ªº°Æ§@¥Î¥i¯à¬°¸A¤YµäÁY¡B¤ô¸~¡B¨k©Ê¤k¨Å¯g¡B¯Ý³¡¯kµh¡Bªo©Ê¦Ù½§¥H¤Î¨rÀYµ¥¡A¦b±¡ºü¤è­±¼~Æ{¯g¡B­Â«å¡B©Ê¼¤§C¤U¥H¤Î¥¢¯vµ¥¡A¨Ï¥Î®É¶¡¹L¤[¬Æ¦Ü³y¦¨¨xŦ¡BµÇŦ¥H¤Î¤ß¦åºÞ¤è­±ªº¶Ë®`¡I¹ï©ó¤k©Ê¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¯à³y¦¨³±¸¦¿±¤j¡B¤ò¾v¼W¥Í¡B¯Ý³¡µäÁY¡B¤ë¸g¶g´Á¤£¥¿±`¥H¤ÎÁn­µ§C¨Hµ¥¡A®Ú¾Ú²Î­p¹ï©óSARMs(¿ï¾Ü©Ê¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅé½Õ¸`¾¯)¨k¤k¥ÍÀݥΪ̤ñ¨Ò¬°2-3:1¡C

ÁöµM¤W­z¦³ºØºØSARMsªº°Æ§@¥Î¡A¦ý¥L­Ì©Ò¯à°÷±a¨Óªº¦n³B¤]¬O­È±o´Á«Ýªº¡I¥Ø«e¦³³\¦h¥¿¦bµo®i(Phase 1 to 3)ªºÃĪ«¥H¤Î¤w¸gµoªíªºSARMs³£¬OÀ³¥Î¦bÄáÅ@¸¢Àù¡B¨ÅÀù¥H¤ÎªÍÀù¯f±wªº´cÅé½è§ïµ½¡A¤]¦³À³¥Î¦b°©½è²¨ÃP©Î¬O¦Ù¦×¬y¥¢¯f±wªºªvÀø¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥Î§@§ïµ½°©¬ÖµÄ¦Ù¦×¬y¥¢§ïµ½¶i¦ÓªvÀø¤k©ÊÀ³¤O©Ê§¿¥¢¸T¡C

¥Ø«e¤w¸g¦s¦bªºSARMs¥B¸û¬°±`¨£ªºÃĪ«¬°¥H¤U©Ò¦C¥X

  • GTx-024/ Enobosarm/ MK-2866/ Ostarine
  • LGD-4033/ Ligandrol
  • RAD140/ Testalone
  • S-4/ Andarine
  • S-23
  • YK11
  • SARM-2f, S-101479, & GSK2881078

GTx-024¦b³\¦h¤å³¹¤Wªº¦WºÙ¬°Enobosarm¡A¬O¥¼¨Ó¬Û·í¦³¾÷·|¶i¤J¨ìÁ{§ÉÀ³¥ÎªºÃĪ«¡A¥i¥Î§@¤fªA»s¾¯¡A¬O¤@ºØ«DÃþ©T¾J (Non-steriodal) ªºSARMs¥i¥H¼W¥[¦Ù¦×¶q¡B°©½è±K«×¡A¦Ó¥B¦b°Êª«¹êÅç¬Ý¨Ó¹ï©ó¦Ñ¹«ªº¸A¤Y¥H¤ÎÄáÅ@¸¢¡A«Ü¤Ö¦³¶¯©Ê¯À¤è­±ªº¼vÅT¡A¥b°I´Á¥i¥Hªø¹F24¤p®É (¬Û¹ï©óS-4¶È¦³4¤p®É)¡A¦b¦Ñ¹«°µ§¹¥h¶Õ¤â³N (post-orchoectomy) ¤§«á¡A¬Û¸û©ó¹ï·Ó²ÕEnobosarm¹êÅç²Õ¤¤ªº¦Ñ¹«¥i¥HÆ[¹î¨ì´£¨z¦Ùªº¦Ù¦×¶q¦^´_ªº±¡§Î(reversed decrements in levator ani size) ¤]¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì°©Àf¦Ù°ò¦]ªºªí²{¤É°ª (adenosyl methionine decarboxylase 1 (Amd1) and myostatin expression levels)

¦b¤@­ÓPhase 2 °·±dªº¦Ñ¦~¨k©Ê¥H¤Î°±¸g«á¤k©Ê¬°´Á86¤ÑªºÁ{§É¸ÕÅ礤 (¦@¤À¦¨0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0mg/day enobosarm) ±qµ²ªG¤W¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì°£¤F¥i¥H­°§C¦å¿}§ïµ½¯Ø®q¯Àªý§Ü©Ê¤§¥~¡A¤]¥i¥H§ïµ½¦~¦Ñ¸s±Úª¦¼Ó±èªº¯à¤O (functional stair climb power) ¹ï©ó¨­Åé½è¶q (lean body mass) ªº¼W¥[¥H¤Î´î¤Ö¯×ªÕ²Õ¦¨¬O§e²{¸ò¾¯¶q¥¿¬ÛÃö©Êªº¡A¤]´N¬O¦b3.0mg/day enobosarm³o¤@²Õªº§ïµ½³Ì¬°ÅãµÛ¡I

LGD-4033/ Ligandrol¤]¬O¤@ºØ«DÃþ©T¾J (Non-steriodal) ªºSARMs¥B¹ï©óandrogen receptor ¦³«Ü±jªºÁäµ²¤O»P¿ï¾Ü©Ê¡A¥b°I´Áªø¹F24-36¤p®É¡A¦b¬°´Á21¤ÑªºÁ{§É¸ÕÅ礤 (¦@¤À¦¨0.1, 0.3, and 1.0g/day Ligandrol) ¤]¥i¥H¬Ý¨ìÅé½è¶q (lean body mass) ªº¼W¥[¸ò¾¯¶q¦¨¥¿¬ÛÃö©Ê¡C

RAD140/ TestaloneÁöµMÁÙ¦bÁ{§É¸ÕÅç«e´Áªº¶¥¬q (pre-clinical testing) ¤£¹L¦]¬°¨ä¹ï©óandrogen receptor ¦³«Ü±jªºÁäµ²¤O»P¿ï¾Ü©Ê¡A¬O¤@¶µ«D±`­È±o´Á«ÝªºÃĪ«¡A¦b¦Ñ¹«¥h¶Õªº°Êª«¹êÅ礤¡A¥i¥HÆ[¹î¨ì¶È»Ý­n¬Û·í§Cªº¾¯¶q0.03mg/kg RAD140/ Testalone´N¯à°÷ºû«ù¦í´£¨z¦Ùªº¦Ù¦×¶q¡A¦Ó¥B¤£½×¥ô¦ó¾¯¶q³£¤£·|¼vÅT¨ì¦Ñ¹«ªºÄáÅ@¸¢¥H¤ÎÀxºëÅn¡A¥t¥~¹ï©ó¦Ñ¤Æªº¯«¸g¯fÅÜ (age-related neuropathy)¡B¬Æ¦Ü¬O³Ð¶Ë³y¦¨ªº¸£·l¶Ë (traumatic brain injuries) ©Î¬OºC©Ê³Ð¶Ë¸£¯fÅÜ (chronic traumatic encephalopathy) ªºªvÀø³£¬O¬Û·í­È±o´Á«Ýªº¡I

®Ú¾Ú¤W­zºØºØªºÁ{§É¸ÕÅç¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥Hª¾¹DSARMs¬O¥¼¨Ó¥O¤H´Á«Ýªºµo®iÃĪ«¡A¦ý¦]¬°¥Ø«e¤´°±¯d¦bÁ{§É¸ÕÅ綥¬q¡A§Ú­Ì¹ï©óSARMsªº¤F¸ÑÁÙ¤£°÷¦h¡A¤×¨ä¬O¥L¤]³QºÙ¬°°·¨­¬Éªº¶ÂÅ]ªk¡A®T¼Ö©Ê½èªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¸g±`¨Ï¥ÎÁ{§É¸ÕÅ礤¼Æ­¿¬Æ¦Ü¼Æ¤Q­¿ªº¾¯¶q¦Ó¾É­PµLªk¹w´Áªº°Æ§@¥Î²£¥Í¡A¥B²{¶¥¬q¹ï©ó¤Uµø¥C-¸£««Åé-©Ê¸¢¶b (HPG Axis)ªº¼vÅT¤]µLªk¥þ­±¤F¸Ñ¡A³Ì«á¦^¨ì§Ú­Ì£¸¶}©lªº¥DÃD¡A¨s³ºSARMs(¿ï¾Ü©Ê¶¯©Ê¯À¨üÅé½Õ¸`¾¯)¬O§_¯à°÷¦¨¬°©Ê¸¢¥\¯à§C¤U (Hypogonadism) ªº¥tÃþÀøªk¡H§Úªº·Qªk¬O¥H²{¶¥¬q¦Ó¨¥¡A¤´µMÀ³¸Ó¨Ï¥Î²üº¸»X¸É¥RÀøªk (Testosterone therapy) ¬°Àu¥ý¿ï¶µ¡A¦]¬°³o¼ËªºªvÀø§Ú­Ì¤w¸g¬Û·í¼ô±x¦Ó¥B¨Ï¥Îªº¸gÅç¤]°÷¤[¡A¥BSARMs¥Ø«e¨S¦³¥¿¦¡ªºÃĪ«¨ú±oºÞ¹D (¥u¦³³z¹L¦a¤UºÞ¹D) ¦ý¥¼¨Ó©Î³\SARMs±N·|¦¨¬°ªvÀø©Ê¸¢¥\¯à§C¤U (Hypogonadism)¡B¦Ñ¤Æ¬Æ¦ÜÀù¯g¾É­P´cÅé½èµ¥¦h­±¦Vªº¥D¬yÃĪ«¡I

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